Tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine, originally developed to help reduce bleeding by stabilising blood clots. In dermatology and skincare, it has gained recognition for its ability to target hyperpigmentation and melasma, making it a powerful ingredient for brightening and evening out skin tone. Unlike exfoliating acids, Tranexamic Acid works by interfering with the pathways that trigger pigment production, without irritating the skin.
It is commonly used in serums, spot treatments, and pigmentation-correcting formulas. Tranexamic Acid can be used on its own or in combination with other brightening agents like niacinamide, vitamin C, kojic acid, or azelaic acid to enhance its effectiveness.
Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits the interaction between melanocytes and keratinocytes, helping to reduce excess melanin production.
- Interrupts the plasminogen-plasmin pathway, which is associated with inflammation-induced pigmentation.
- Reduces vascular factors in the skin that may worsen melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Benefits for Skin
- Fades dark spots, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
- Brightens overall skin tone and improves uneven pigmentation.
- Non-exfoliating and non-irritating, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.
- Can be safely used in both morning and evening routines.
- Enhances results when used in conjunction with other pigment-regulating ingredients.
Safety & Toxicology
- Generally well-tolerated and considered safe for most skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin.
- Low risk of irritation or sensitivity, especially compared to hydroquinone or strong exfoliants.
- Not associated with skin thinning or cytotoxic effects when used topically.
- Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult a healthcare professional before use, especially with oral forms.
- No known long-term toxicity when used in cosmetic formulations at recommended concentrations (typically 2–5%).
- Topical application is distinct from medical (oral/injectable) uses, which require supervision.