Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
Tocopherol is the most active natural form of Vitamin E used in skincare and cosmetics. It is a fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect the skin from free radical damage caused by UV radiation, pollution, and oxidative stress. Tocopherol occurs naturally in plant oils such as sunflower, wheat germ, and olive oil, and is also synthesised for stable use in cosmetic products.
In skincare, Tocopherol plays a key role in neutralising reactive oxygen species, strengthening the skin barrier, and enhancing moisture retention. It is commonly used in moisturisers, anti-aging serums, sunscreens, and after-sun products, often in combination with other antioxidants like Vitamin C to enhance stability and effectiveness. Tocopherol is different from Tocopheryl Acetate – an esterified, more stable version that must be converted by the skin into active Tocopherol.
Benefits for Skin
- Acts as a potent antioxidant, helping to neutralise free radicals and protect skin lipids from peroxidation.
- Supports the skin barrier by enhancing the lipid matrix and reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL).
- Soothes dry, irritated, or sensitised skin and contributes to a smoother, more hydrated texture.
- Works synergistically with Vitamin C to improve antioxidant protection and photostability in serums and sunscreens.
- May aid in wound healing and reduce the appearance of scars with long-term use.
- Helps protect the skin from environmental stressors, including UV and pollution.
Safety & Toxicology
- Generally safe and well-tolerated for topical use in cosmetic formulations.
- Typical use concentrations range from 0.5% to 1% for antioxidant support; higher levels may be used in barrier-repair products.
- Low risk of irritation, though rare allergic reactions have been reported in individuals with Vitamin E sensitivity.
- Non-comedogenic in most formulations, though occlusive combinations may not suit acne-prone skin.
- Should be stored in opaque, airtight packaging to maintain stability, as it can oxidise when exposed to air and light.
- No known systemic toxicity when used topically at cosmetic concentrations.